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Vis > image_printing > GFDL Visualization Guide: convert
GFDL Visualization Guide: convert
NAME
convert - converts an input file using one image format to an output file
with a differing image format.
SYNOPSIS
convert [ options ... ] input_file output_file
DESCRIPTION
convert converts an input file using one image format to an output file
with a differing image format.
convert recognizes the following image formats:
Tag Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
AVS AVS X image file.
BIE+ Joint Bi-level Image experts Group file interchange format.
BMP+ Microsoft Windows bitmap image file.
CGM Computer Graphics Metafile.
CMYK Raw cyan, magenta, yellow, and black bytes.
DCX+ ZSoft IBM PC multi-page Paintbrush file.
DIB Microsoft Windows bitmap image file.
EPS Adobe Encapsulated PostScript file.
EPS2 Adobe Level II Encapsulated PostScript file.
EPSF Adobe Encapsulated PostScript file.
EPSI Adobe Encapsulated PostScript Interchange format.
FAX+ Group 3.
FITS Flexible Image Transport System.
GIF+ CompuServe graphics interchange format; 8-bit color.
GIF87+ CompuServe graphics interchange format; 8-bit color (version 87a).
GRAY Raw gray bytes.
GRADATION
gradual passing from one shade to another. Specify the desired
shading as the filename (e.g. gradation:red-blue).
HDF+ Hierarchical Data Format.
HTML Hypertext Markup Language with a client-side image map.
HISTOGRAM
JBIG+ Joint Bi-level Image experts Group file interchange format.
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format; compressed 24-bit
color.
MAP Red, green, and blue colormap bytes followed by the image colormap
indexes.
MATTE Raw matte bytes.
MIFF+ Magick image file format.
MONO Bi-level bitmap in least-significant-byte (LSB) first order.
MPEG+ Motion Picture Experts Group file interchange format.
MTV+ MTV Raytracing image format.
NETSCPAPE
Netscape 216 color cube.
NULL NULL image.
PBM+ Portable bitmap format (black and white).
PCD Photo CD.
PCL Page Control Language.
PCX ZSoft IBM PC Paintbrush file.
PDF+ Portable Document Format.
PGM+ Portable graymap format (gray scale).
PICT Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT file.
PNG Portable Network Graphics.
PNM+ Portable anymap.
PPM+ Portable pixmap format (color).
PS+ Adobe PostScript file.
PS2+ Adobe Level II PostScript file.
RAD Radiance image format.
RGB Raw red, green, and blue bytes.
RGBA Raw red, green, blue and matte bytes.
RLA Alias/Wavefront image file; read only
RLE Utah Run length encoded image file; read only.
SGI+ Irix RGB image file.
SHTML Hypertext Markup Language with a client-side image map.
SUN+ SUN Rasterfile.
TEXT raw text file; read only.
TGA+ Truevision Targa image file.
TIFF+ Tagged Image File Format.
TILE tile image with a texture.
UYVY 16bit/pixel interleaved YUV (e.g. used by AccomWSD).
VICAR read only.
VID Visual Image Directory.
VIFF+ Khoros Visualization image file.
X select image from X server screen.
XC constant image of X server color. Specify the desired color as
the filename (e.g. xc:yellow).
XBM X11 bitmap file.
XPM X Windows system pixmap file (color).
XWD X Windows system window dump file (color).
YUV CCIR 601 4:1:1 file.
Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is
specified, it is combined into a single multi-image file. Use +adjoin if
you want a single image produced for each frame.
Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless ImageMagick is
compiled in 16-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two
bytes per pixel in most-significant-byte-first order.
EXAMPLES
To convert a MIFF image of a cockatoo to a SUN raster image, use:
convert cockatoo.miff sun:cockatoo.ras
To convert a multi-page Postscript document to individual FAX pages, use:
convert -monochrome document.ps fax:page
To convert a TIFF image to a Postscript A4 page with the image in the
lower left-hand corner, use:
convert -page A4+0+0 image.tiff document.ps
To convert a raw GRAY image with a 128 byte header to a portable graymap,
use:
convert -size 768x512+128 gray:raw image.pgm
To convert a Photo CD image to a TIFF image, use:
convert -size 1536x1024 img0009.pcd image.tiff
convert img0009.pcd[4] image.tiff
To create a visual image directory of all your JPEG images, use:
convert 'vid:*.jpg' directory.miff
To annotate an image with blue text using font 12x24 at position
(100,100), use:
convert -font 12x24 -pen blue -draw "text +100+100 Cockatoo"
bird.jpg bird.miff
To tile a 640x480 image with a JPEG texture with bumps use:
convert -size 640x480 tile:bumps.jpg tiled.png
To surround an icon with an ornamental border to use with Mosaic(1), use:
convert -mattecolor #ccc -frame 6x6 bird.jpg icon.png
To create a GIF animation image from a DNA molecule sequence, use:
convert -delay 20 dna.* dna.gif
OPTIONS
-adjoin
join images into a single multi-image file.
-average
averages a set of images.
99.9%).
-blur factor
blurs an image. Specify factor as the percent enhancement (0.0 -
99.9%).
-border <width>x<height>
surround the image with a border of color. See X(1) for details
about the geometry specification.
The color of the border is specified with the -bordercolor command
line option.
-box color
set the color of the annotation bounding box. See -draw or for
further details.
See X(1) for details about the color specification.
-charcoal factor
simulate a charcoal drawing.
-colors value
preferred number of colors in the image.
The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your
request, but never more. Note, this is a color reduction option.
Images with less unique colors than specified with this option
will remain unchanged. Refer to quantize(9) for more details.
Note, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth affect the
color reduction algorithm.
-colorspace value
the type of colorspace: GRAY, OHTA, RGB, Transparent, XYZ, YCbCr,
YIQ, YPbPr, or YUV.
Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB color space.
Empirical evidence suggests that distances in color spaces such as
YUV or YIQ correspond to perceptual color differences more closely
than do distances in RGB space. These color spaces may give
better results when color reducing an image. Refer to quantize(9)
for more details.
The Transparent color space behaves uniquely in that it preserves
the matte channel of the image if it exists.
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this option to
take effect.
-comment string
annotate an image with a comment.
By default, each image is commented with its file name. Use this
option to assign a specific comment to the image. Optionally you
can include the image filename, type, width, height, or scene
number by embedding special format characters. Embed %f for
filename, %m for magick, %w for width, %h for height, %s for scene
number, %b for file size in kilobytes, or
for newline. For
example,
-comment "%m:%f %wx%h"
produces an image comment of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image
titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.
If the first character of string is @, the image comment is read
from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
-compress type
the type of image compression: Zip or RunlengthEncoded.
Specify +compress to store the binary image in an uncompressed
format. The default is the compression type of the specified
image file.
-contrast
enhance or reduce the image contrast.
This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter
and darker elements of the image. Use -contrast to enhance the
image or +contrast to reduce the image contrast.
-crop <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
preferred size and location of the cropped image. See X(1) for
details about the geometry specification.
To specify a percentage width or height instead, append %. For
example to crop the image by ten percent on all sides of the
image, use -crop 10%.
Use cropping to crop a particular area of an image. Use -crop
0x0 to remove edges that are the background color. Omit the x and
y offset to generate one or more subimages of a uniform size.
-cycle amount
displace image colormap by amount.
Amount defines the number of positions each colormap entry is
shifted.
-delay <1/100ths of a second>
display the next image after pausing.
This option is useful for regulating the animation of a sequence
of GIF images within Netscape. 1/100ths of a second must expire
before the redisplay of the image sequence. The default is no
delay between each showing of the image sequence. The maximum
delay is 65535.
-density <width>x<height>
vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image.
This option specifies an image density when decoding a Postscript
or Portable Document page. The default is 72 pixels per inch in
the horizontal and vertical direction.
-despeckle
reduce the speckles within an image.
-display host:display[.screen]
specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).
-dispose method
GIF disposal method.
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) Specification 89a of July 31,
1990 for details.
-dither
apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.
The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity resolution
for spatial resolution by averaging the intensities of several
neighboring pixels. Images which suffer from severe contouring
when reducing colors can be improved with this option.
The -colors option is required for dithering to take effect.
-draw string
annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.
Use this option to annotate an image with one or more graphic
primitives. The primitives include
rectangle
circle
polygon
color
matte
text
image
Rectangle, color, matte, text, and image require an upper left and
lower right coordinate. Circle requires the center coordinate and
a coordinate on the outer edge. Finally, polygon requires three
or more coordinates defining its boundaries. Coordinates are
integers separated by an optional comma. For example, to define a
circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:
-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
Use color to change the color of a pixel. Follow the pixel
coordinate with a method:
point
replace
floodfill
reset
Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate.
The point method recolors the target pixel. The replace method
recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
Floodfill recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target
pixel and is a neighbor. Finally, reset recolors all pixels.
Use matte to the change the pixel matte value to transparent.
Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the color primitive
for a description of methods). The point method changes the matte
value of the target pixel. The replace method changes the matte
value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
Floodfill changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the
color of the target pixel and is a neighbor. Finally reset changes
the matte value of all pixels.
Use text to annotate an image with text. Follow the text
coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces,
enclose it in double quotes. Optionally you can include the image
filename, type, width, height, or scene number by embedding
special format characters. Embed %f for filename, %m for magick,
%w for width, %h for height, %s for scene number, %b for file size
in kilobytes, or \n for newline. For example,
-draw 'text 100,100 "%m:%f %wx%h"'
annotates the image with MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image
titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.
If the first character of the string is @, the text is read from a
file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
Use image to composite an image with another image. Follow the
image coordinates with the filename of an image.
If the first character of string is @, the text is read from a
file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
You can set the primitive color, font color, and font bounding box
color with -pen, -font, and -box respectively. Options are
processed in command line order so be sure to use -pen before the
-draw option.
-edge factor
detect edges with an image. Specify factor as the percent
enhancement (0.0 - 99.9%).
-emboss
emboss the image.
-enhance
apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.
-equalize
perform histogram equalization to the image.
-flip create a "mirror image" by reflecting the image scanlines in the
vertical direction.
-flop create a "mirror image" by reflecting the image scanlines in the
horizontal direction.
-font name
use this font when annotating the image with text.
Convert contacts an X server to obtain the font. If an X server
is not available, a Postscript font is used. You can set the
pointsize with -pointsize.
-frame <width>x<height>+<outer bevel width>+<inner bevel width>
surround the image with an ornamental border. See X(1) for
details about the geometry specification.
The color of the border is specified with the -mattecolor command
line option.
-gamma value
level of gamma correction.
The same color image displayed on two different workstations may
look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use
gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable
values extend from 0.8 to 2.3.
You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue
channels of the image with a gamma value list delineated with
commas (i.e. 1.7,2.3,1.2).
-geometry <width>{%}x<height>{%}{!}{<}{>}
preferred size or location of the image when encoding.
By default, the width and height are maximum values. That is, the
image is expanded or contracted to fit the width and height value
while maintaining the aspect ratio of the image. Append an
exclamation point to the geometry to force the image size to
exactly the size you specify. For example, if you specify
640x480! the image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480.
If only one factor is specified, both the width and height assume
the value.
To specify a percentage width or height instead, append %. The
image size is multiplied by the width and height percentages to
obtain the final image dimensions. To increase the size of an
image, use a value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%). To decrease an
image's size, use a percentage less than 100.
Use < to change the dimensions of the image only if its size
exceeds the geometry specification. > resizes the image only if
its dimensions is less than the geometry specification. For
example, if you specify 640x480> and the image size is 512x512,
the image size does not change. However, if the image is
1024x1024, it is resized to 640x480.
There are 72 pixels per inch in Postscript coordinates.
-implode factor
implode image pixels about the center. Specify factor as the
percent implosion (0 - 99.9%) or explosion (-99.9 - 0%).
-interlace type
the type of interlacing scheme: None, Line, Plane, or Partition.
The default is Plane.
This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for
raw image formats such as RGB or YUV. None means do not interlace
(RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), Line uses scanline interlacing
(RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and Plane uses plane
interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...). Partition is like
plane except the different planes are saved to individual files
(e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B).
Use Line, or Plane to create an interlaced GIF or progressive JPEG
image. -label name assign a label to an image.
Use this option to assign a specific label to the image.
Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width,
height, or scene number in the label by embedding special format
characters. Embed %f for filename, %m for magick, %w for width,
%h for height, %s for scene number, %b for file size in kilobytes,
or \n for newline. For example,
-label "%m:%f %wx%h"
produces an image label of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image
titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.
If the first character of string is @, the image label is read
from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
When converting to Postscript, use this option to specify a header
string to print above the image.
-loop iterations
add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.
A value other than zero forces the animation to repeat itself up
to iterations times.
-map filename
choose a particular set of colors from this image.
By default, color reduction chooses an optimal set of colors that
best represent the original image. Alternatively, you can choose
a particular set of colors with this option.
-matte store matte channel if the image has one.
-modulate value
vary the brightness, saturation, and hue of an image.
Specify the percent change in brightness, the color saturation,
and the color hue separated by commas. For example, to increase
the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color saturation by
10% and leave the hue unchanged, use: -modulate 20,-10.
-monochrome
transform the image to black and white.
-negate
apply color inversion to image.
The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. Use
+negate to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image.
-noise add or reduce the noise in an image.
The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to
smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information
and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of
the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in
value within a 3 x 3 window, if this pixel has been found to be
noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a
maximum or minimum within the 3 x 3 window.
Use +noise followed by a noise type to add noise to an image. Choose
from these noise types:
uniform
gaussian
multiplicative
impulse
laplacian
poisson
-normalize
transform image to span the full range of color values.
This is a contrast enhancement technique.
-opaque color
change this color to the pen color within the image. See -pen for
more details.
-page <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
preferred size and location of the Postscript page.
Use this option to specify the dimensions of the Postscript page
in pixels per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The default for a
Postscript page is to center the image on a letter page 612 by 792
pixels. The margins are 1/2" (i.e. 612x792+42+42). Other common
sizes are:
Letter 612x 792
Tabloid 792x1224
Ledger 1224x 792
Legal 612x1008
Statement 396x 612
Executive 540x 720
A3 842x1190
A4 595x 842
A5 420x 595
B4 729x1032
B5 516x 729
Folio 612x 936
Quarto 610x 780
10x14 720x1008
For convenience you can specify the page size by media (e.g. A4, Ledger,
etc.).
To place a Postscript image with a given size on a given location on a
page, use -page +HOFFSET+VOFFSET -geometry WIDTHxHEIGHT (fill in
numbers). Note: this is only for generating Postscript, not Encapsulated
Postscript.
To position a GIF image, use -page +LEFT+TOP (e.g. -page +100+200).
The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.
-paint radius
simulate an oil painting.
Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular
neighborhood whose width is specified with radius.
-pen color
set the color of the font or opaque color. See -annotate or -draw
for further details.
See X(1) for details about the color specification.
-pointsize value
pointsize of the Postscript font.
-quality value
JPEG quality setting.
Quality is 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The default is 75.
-raise <width>x<height>
lighten or darken image edges to create a 3-D effect. See X(1)
for details about the geometry specification.
Use -raise to create a raised effect, otherwise use +raise.
-region <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
apply options to a portion of the image.
By default, any command line options are applied to the entire
image. Use -region to restrict operations to a particular area of
the image.
-roll {+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
roll an image vertically or horizontally. See X(1) for details
about the geometry specification.
A negative x offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative y
offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.
-rotate degrees
apply Paeth image rotation to the image.
Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are filled with
the color defined as bordercolor (class borderColor). See X(1)
for details.
-sample geometry
scale image with pixel sampling.
-scene value
image scene number.
-segment <cluster threshold>x<smoothing threshold>
segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color
components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the
fuzzy c-means technique.
Specify cluster threshold as the number of pixels in each cluster
must exceed the the cluster threshold to be considered valid.
Smoothing threshold eliminates noise in the second derivative of
the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a
smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5. See IMAGE
SEGMENTATION for details.
-shade <azimuth>x<elevation>
shade the image using a distant light source.
Specify azimuth and elevation as the position of the light source.
Use +shade to return the shading results as a grayscale image.
-sharpen factor
sharpen an image. Specify factor as the percent enhancement (0.0
- 99.9%).
-shear <x degrees>x<y degrees>
shear the image along the X or Y axis by a positive or negative
shear angle.
Shearing slides one edge of an image along the X or Y axis,
creating a parallelogram. An X direction shear slides an edge
along the X axis, while a Y direction shear slides an edge along
the Y axis. The amount of the shear is controlled by a shear
angle. For X direction shears, x degrees is measured relative to
the Y axis, and similarly, for Y direction shears y degrees is
measured relative to the X axis.
Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with
the color defined as bordercolor (class borderColor). See X(1)
for details.
-size <width>{%}x<height>{%}+<offset>
width and height of the image.
Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images
whose dimensions are unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK. In
addition to width and height, use -size to skip any header
information in the image or tell the number of colors in a MAP
image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).
For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:
192x128
384x256
768x512
1536x1024
3072x2048
Finally, use this option to choose a particular resolution layer
of a JBIG image (e.g. -size 1024x768).
-solarize factor
negate all pixels above the threshold level. Specify factor as
the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).
This option produces a solarization effect seen when exposing a
photographic film to light during the development process.
-spread amount
displace image pixels by a random amount.
Amount defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel to
choose a candidate pixel to swap.
-swirl degrees
swirl image pixels about the center.
Degrees defines the tightness of the swirl.
-texture filename
name of texture to tile onto the image background.
-transparency color
make this color transparent within the image.
-treedepth value
Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero or one tells
convert to choose a optimal tree depth for the color reduction
algorithm.
An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the
source image with the fastest computational speed and the least
amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for
some images. To assure the best representation, try values
between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to quantize(9) for more
details.
The -colors option is required for this option to take effect.
-undercolor <undercolor factor>x<black-generation factor>
control undercolor removal and black generation on CMYK images.
This option enables you to perform undercolor removal and black
generation on CMYK images-- images to be printed on a four-color
printing system. You can control how much cyan, magenta, and
yellow to remove from your image and how much black to add to it.
The standard undercolor removal is 1.0x1.0. You'll frequently get
better results, though, if the percentage of black you add to your
image is slightly higher than the percentage of C, M, and Y you
remove from it. For example you might try 0.5x0.7.
-verbose
print detailed information about the image.
This information is printed: image scene number; image name;
converted image name; image size; the image class (DirectClass
or PseudoClass); the total number of unique colors; and the
number of seconds to read and transform the image.
Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on
the command line remains in effect until it is explicitly changed by
specifying the option again with a different effect.
Change '-' to '+' in any option above to reverse its effect. For
example, specify +matte to store the image without its matte channel.
By default, the image format is determined by its magic number. To
specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image
format name and a colon (i.e. ps:image) or specify the image type as the
filename suffix (i.e. image.ps). See DESCRIPTION for a list of valid
formats.
When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning.
It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is
specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired
window.
Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard
output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is
uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has
the extension .Z or .gz, the file size is compressed using with compress
or gzip respectively. Finally, precede the image file name with | to
pipe to or from a system command.
Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after a file name to specify a
desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g.
img0001.pcd[4]) or a range for MPEG images (e.g. video.mpg[50-75]). A
subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. image.tiff[2,4,7]). For raw
images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512
image.rgb[320x256+50+50]).
Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-
part images (e.g. a multi-page Postscript document with +adjoin
specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the
scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a printf format
specification in the file name. For example,
image%02d.miff
converts files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.
IMAGE SEGMENTATION
Use -segment to segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color
components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-
means technique. The scale-space filter analyzes the histograms of the
three color components of the image and identifies a set of classes. The
extents of each class is used to coarsely segment the image with
thresholding. The color associated with each class is determined by the
mean color of all pixels within the extents of a particular class.
Finally, any unclassified pixels are assigned to the closest class with
the fuzzy c-means technique.
The fuzzy c-Means algorithm can be summarized as follows:
o Build a histogram, one for each color component of the image.
o For each histogram, successively apply the scale-space filter and build
an interval tree of zero crossings in the second derivative at each
scale. Analyze this scale-space ``fingerprint'' to determine which peaks
or valleys in the histogram are most predominant.
o The fingerprint defines intervals on the axis of the histogram. Each
interval contains either a minima or a maxima in the original signal. If
each color component lies within the maxima interval, that pixel is
considered ``classified'' and is assigned an unique class number.
o Any pixel that fails to be classified in the above thresholding pass is
classified using the fuzzy c-Means technique. It is assigned to one of
the classes discovered in the histogram analysis phase.
The fuzzy c-Means technique attempts to cluster a pixel by finding the
local minima of the generalized within group sum of squared error
objective function. A pixel is assigned to the closest class of which
the fuzzy membership has a maximum value.
For additional information see
Young Won Lim, Sang Uk Lee, "On The Color Image Segmentation
Algorithm Based on the Thresholding and the Fuzzy c-Means
Techniques", Pattern Recognition, Volume 23, Number 9, pages 935-
952, 1990.
ENVIRONMENT
DISPLAY
To get the default host, display number, and screen.
SEE ALSO
display(1), animate(1), import(1), montage(1), mogrify(1), combine(1),
xtp(1)
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 1996 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and
its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided
that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
documentation, and that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
software without specific, written prior permission. E. I. du Pont de
Nemours and Company makes no representations about the suitability of
this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or
implied warranty.
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company disclaims all warranties with regard
to this software, including all implied warranties of merchantability and
fitness, in no event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company be liable
for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages
whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an
action of contract, negligence or other tortuous action, arising out of
or in connection with the use or performance of this software.
AUTHORS
John Cristy, E.I. du Pont De Nemours and Company Incorporated