Freidenreich, S. M., and V. Ramaswamy, 1995: Stratospheric temperature response to improved solar CO₂ and H₂O parameterizations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(D8), 16,721-16,725.

Abstract: A fixed-dynamical heating model is used to investigate the temperature changes in the stratosphere due to improved CO₂ and H₂O shortwave heating parameterizations. Besides being governed by the magnitude of the local heating, the temperature change in any layer due to the improved parameterizations is also dependent on the distribution of the solar heating in other stratospheric layers. This is a consequence of the longwave radiative exchange process, in which the temperature change in other layers, due to the imposed heating perturbations, leads to an exchange of longwave radiative energy with the layer in question, thus affecting its response. Thus the vertical profile of the heating rate becomes a significant factor in determining the stratospheric thermal profile. This investigation also confirms the sensitivity of the temperature response in the lower stratosphere to perturbations in the shortwave CO₂ and H₂O heating.