Winton, Michael, 2000: A reformulated three-layer sea ice model. Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology, 17(4),  525-531.

Abstract: A model is presented that provides an efficient approximation to sea ice thermodynamics for climate studies. Semtner's three-layer framework is used, but the brine content of the upper ice is represented with a variable heat capacity as is done in more physically based models. A noniterative fully implicit time-stepping scheme is used for calculation of ice temperature. The results of the new model are compared to those of Semtner's original model.