McNeil, B. I., R. J. Matear, R. M. Key, J. L. Bullister, and J. L. Sarmiento, 2003: Anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the ocean based on the Global Chlorofluorocarbon Data Set. Science, 299(5604), 235-239.

Abstract: We estimated the oceanic inventory of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from 1980 to 1999 using a technique based on the global chorofluorocarbon data set. Our analysis suggests that the ocean stored 14.8 petagrams of anthropogenic carbon from mid-1980 to mid-1989 and 17.9 petagrams of carbon from mid-1990 to mid-1999, indicating an oceanwide net uptake of 1.6 and 2.0 ± 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year, respectively. Our results provide an upper limit on the solubility-driven anthropogenic CO2 flux into the ocean, and they suggest that most ocean general circulation models are overestimating oceanic anthropogenic CO2 uptake over the past two decades.