NOAA GFDL - Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryGFDL - Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory

Total Refereed Publications:

155 publications; H-index: 55; total citations: 11370; citing articles: 7755 (based on Web of Science Core collection data, as of April, 2025)

Selected Publications Organized by Research Area:

(The following citation counts are based on the Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar, as of April, 2025. 🏆 indicates a Web of Science Highly Cited Paper, recognized for receiving enough citations to rank in the top 1% of the academic field of Geosciences, based on the citation threshold for the field and publication year.)

Selected publications on global atmospheric, climate and Earth system model development

  1. Zhao, Ming, I. M. Held, S-J Lin, and G. A. Vecchi, 2009: Simulations of global hurricane climatology, inter-annual variability, and response to global warming using a 50km resolution GCM. Journal of Climate, 22(24), DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI3049.1. (Citation: 547 times Web of Science; 778 times Google Scholar; This is the GFDL HiRAM model documentation paper.)
  2. Zhao, Ming, J-C Golaz, I. M. Held, and 42 co-authors, 2018a: The GFDL Global Atmosphere and Land Model AM4.0/LM4.0 – Part I: Simulation Characteristics with Prescribed SSTs. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI:10.1002/2017MS001208. (Citation: 213 times Web of Science🏆; 276 times Google Scholar)
  3. Zhao, Ming, J-C Golaz, I. M. Held, and 42 co-authors, 2018b: The GFDL Global Atmosphere and Land Model AM4.0/LM4.0 – Part II: Model Description, Sensitivity Studies, and Tuning Strategies. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI:10.1002/2017MS001209. (Citation: 231 times Web of Science🏆; 292 times Google Scholar) 
  4. Held, I. M., and co-authors including Ming Zhao, 2019: Structure and Performance of GFDL’s CM4.0 Climate Model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11(11), DOI:10.1029/2019MS001829 (Citation: 316 times Web of Science🏆; 421 times Google Scholar) 
  5. Dunne, J. P., and co-authors including Ming Zhao 2020: The GFDL Earth System Model version 4.1 (GFDL-ESM 4.1): Overall coupled model description and simulation characteristics. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(11), DOI:10.1029/2019MS002015. (Citation: 454 times Web of Science🏆; 655 times Google Scholar) 
  6. Delworth, T. L., and co-authors including Ming Zhao, 2020: SPEAR – the next generation GFDL modeling system for seasonal to multidecadal prediction and projection. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(3), DOI:10.1029/2019MS001895. (Citation: 155 times Web of Science🏆; 188 times Google Scholar)
  7. Horowitz, L. W., and co-authors including Ming Zhao, 2020: The GFDL Global Atmospheric Chemistry-Climate Model AM4.1: Model Description and Simulation Characteristics. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(10), DOI:10.1029/2019MS002032. (Citation: 66 times Web of Science; 95 times Google Scholar)
  8. Donner, Leo J., and  co-authors including Ming Zhao, 2011: The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL Global Coupled Model CM3. Journal of Climate, 24(13), DOI:10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1. (Citation: 828 times Web of Science; 1129 times Google Scholar)
  9. Lin, M, LW Horowitz, Ming Zhao, L Harris, P Ginoux, JP Dunne, S Malyshev, E Shevliakova, H Ahsan, ST Garner, F Paulot, A Pouyaei, SJ Smith, Y Xie, N Zadeh, and L Zhou,  2024: The GFDL variable-resolution global chemistry-climate model for research at the nexus of US climate and air quality extremes. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 16(4), DOI:10.1029/2023MS003984. (Citation: 5 times Web of Science; 4 times Google Scholar)
  10. Guo, H, Y Ming, S Fan, L Zhou, L Harris, and Ming Zhao, 2021: Two-moment bulk cloud microphysics with prognostic precipitation in GFDL’s Atmosphere Model AM4.0: configuration and performance. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 13(6), DOI:10.1029/2020MS002453. (Citation: 14 times Web of Science; 21 times Google Scholar)
  11. Chu, W, Y. Lin, and Ming Zhao, 2021: Implementation and evaluation of a double-plume convective parameterization in NCAR CAM5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0267.1 (Citation: 6 times Web of Science; 10 times Google Scholar)

Selected publications on tropical cyclones and climate connections

  1. Zhao, Ming, and I. M. Held, 2012: TC-permitting GCM simulations of hurricane frequency response to sea surface temperature anomalies projected for the late 21st century. Journal of Climate, 25(8), DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00313.1. (Citation: 101 times Web of Science; 139 times Google Scholar)
  2. Zhao, Ming, I. M. Held, and S-J Lin, 2012: Some counter-intuitive dependencies of tropical cyclone frequency on parameters in a GCM. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 69(7), DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0238.1. (Citation: 108 times Web of Science; 146 times Google Scholar)
  3. Zhao, Ming, I. M. Held, and G. A. Vecchi, 2010: Retrospective forecasts of the hurricane season using a global atmospheric model assuming persistence of SST anomalies. Monthly Weather Review, 138(10), DOI:10.1175/2010MWR3366.1. (Citation: 81 times Web of Science; 124 times Google Scholar)
  4. Zhao, Ming, and I. M. Held, 2010: An analysis of the effect of global warming on the intensity of Atlantic hurricanes using a GCM with statistical refinement. Journal of Climate, 23(23), DOI: 10.1175/2010JCLI3837.1. (Citation: 71 times Web of Science; 100 times Google Scholar)
  5. Zhao, Ming, I. M. Held, S-J Lin, and G. A. Vecchi, 2009: Simulations of global hurricane climatology, inter-annual variability, and response to global warming using a 50km resolution GCM. Journal of Climate, 22(24), DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI3049.1. (Citation: 547 times Web of Science; 778 times Google Scholar)
  6. Held, I. M. and Ming Zhao, 2011: The response of tropical cyclone statistics to an increase in CO2 with fixed sea surface temperatures. Journal of Climate, 24(20), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00050.1. (Citation: 109 times Web of Science; 162 times Google Scholar)
  7. Lin, Y., Ming Zhao, and M. Zhang, 2015: Tropical cyclone rainfall area controlled by relative sea surface temperature. Nature Communications, 6, 6591, DOI:10.1038/ncomms7591. (Citation:173 times Web of Science; 197 times Google Scholar)
  8. Murakami, H., T. L. Delworth, W. F. Cooke, Ming Zhao, B. Xiang, and P-C Hsu, 2020: Detected climatic change in global distribution of tropical cyclones. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(20), DOI:10.1073/pnas.1922500117. (Citation: 160 times Web of Science🏆, 231 times Google Scholar)
  9. Walsh, Kevin J., and  co-authors including Ming Zhao, 2015: Hurricanes and climate: the U.S. CLIVAR working group on hurricanes. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(6), DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00242.1. (Citation: 156 times Web of Science; 211 times Google Scholar)
  10. Vecchi, G. A., Ming Zhao, H. Wang, G. Villarini, A. Rosati, A. Kumar, I. M. Held, and R. G. Gudgel,  2011: Statistical-dynamical predictions of seasonal North Atlantic hurricane activity. Monthly Weather Review, 139(4), DOI:10.1175/2010MWR3499.1. (Citation: 126 times Web of Science; 172 times Google Scholar)
  11. Knutson, T. R., J. J. Sirutis, Ming Zhao, R. E. Tuleya, M. A. Bender, G. A. Vecchi, G. Villarini, and D. Chavas, 2015: Global Projections of Intense Tropical Cyclone Activity for the Late Twenty-First Century from Dynamical Downscaling of CMIP5/RCP4.5 Scenarios. Journal of Climate, 28(18), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0129.1. (Citation: 372 times Web of Science🏆; 599 times Google Scholar)
  12. Knutson, T. R., J. J. Sirutis, G. A. Vecchi, S. T. Garner, Ming Zhao, H-S Kim, M. A. Bender, R. E Tuleya, I. M. Held, and G. Villarini, 2013: Dynamical downscaling projections of 21st century Atlantic hurricane activity: CMIP3 and CMIP5 model-based scenario. Journal of Climate, 26(17), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00539.1. (Citation:287 times Web of Science; 449 times Google Scholar)
  13. Li, T., M. Kwon, and Ming Zhao, 2010: Global warming shifts Pacific tropical cyclone location. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L21804, DOI:10.1029/2010GL045124. (Citation: 89 times Web of Science; 129 times Google Scholar)
  14. Camargo, S. J., M. K. Tippett, A. Sobel, G. A. Vecchi, and Ming Zhao, 2014: Testing the performance of tropical cyclone genesis indices in future climates using the HIRAM model. Journal of Climate, 27(24), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00505.1. (Citation: 118 times Web of Science; 165 times Google Scholar)
  15. Villarini, G., D. A. Lavers, E. Scoccimarro, Ming Zhao, M. F. Wehner, G. A. Vecchi, T. R. Knutson, and K. A. Reed, 2014: Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall to Idealized Global Scale Forcings. Journal of Climate, 27(12), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00780.1. (Citation: 98 times Web of Science; 138 times Google Scholar)
  16. Shaevitz, D. and co-authors including Ming Zhao, 2014: Characteristics of tropical cyclones in high-resolution models in the present climate. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 6(4), DOI:10.1002/2014MS000372. (Citation: 113 times Web of Science; 148 times Google Scholar)
  17. Kim, H.-S., G. A. Vecchi, T. R. Knutson, W. G. Anderson, T. L. Delworth, A. Rosati, F. Zeng, and Ming Zhao, 2014: Tropical Cyclone Simulation and Response to CO2 Doubling in the GFDL CM2.5 High-Resolution Coupled Climate Model. Journal of Climate, 27(21), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00475.1. (Citation: 128 times Web of Science; 162 times Google Scholar)
  18. Vecchi, G. A., S. Fueglistaler, I. M. Held, T. R. Knutson, and Ming Zhao, 2013: Impacts of atmospheric temperature trends on tropical cyclone activity. Journal of Climate, 26(11), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00503.1. (Citation: 74 times Web of Science; 115 times Google Scholar)
  19. Scoccimarro, E., S. Gualdi, G. Villarini, G. A. Vecchi, Ming Zhao, K. Walsh, and A. Navarra 2014: Intense Precipitation Events Associated with Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in response to a Warmer Climate and increased CO2. Journal of Climate, 27(12), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00065.1. (Citation: 78 times Web of Science; 110 times Google Scholar)
  20. Horn, M, K. Walsh, Ming Zhao, S. J. Camargo, E. Scoccimarro, H. Murakami, H. Wang, and A. Ballinger, A. Kumar, D. A. Shaevitz, J. A. Jonas, K. Oouchi 2014: Tracking Scheme Dependence of Simulated Tropical Cyclone Response to Idealized Climate Simulations. Journal of Climate, 27(24), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00200.1. (Citation: 89 times Web of Science; 120 times Google Scholar)
  21. Nakamura, J, S. J. Camargo, A. Sobel, N Henderson, K A Emanuel, A Kumar, T LaRow, H Murakami, M J Roberts, E Scoccimarro, P L Vidale, H Wang, M F Wehner, and Ming Zhao, 2017: Western North Pacific tropical cyclone model tracks in present and future climates. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122(18), DOI:10.1002/2017JD027007. (Citation: 58 times Web of Science; 79 times Google Scholar)

 

Selected publications on clouds, cloud feedbacks, and climate sensitivity

  1. Zhao, Ming, 2024: Cloud radiative effects associated with daily weather regimes. Geophysical Research Letters, 51(10), DOI:10.1029/2024GL109090.
  2. Zhao, Ming, 2022: An investigation of the effective climate sensitivity in GFDL’s new climate models CM4.0 and SPEAR. J. Climate. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0327.1 (Citation: 4 times Web of Science; 4 times Google Scholar)
  3. Zhao, Ming, J-C Golaz, I. M. Held, V. Ramaswamy, S-J Lin, Y. Ming, P. Ginoux, B. Wyman, L. J. Donner, D. Paynter and H. Guo, 2016: Uncertainty in model climate sensitivity traced to representations of cumulus precipitation microphysics. Journal of Climate, 29, 543-560. DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0191.1 (Citation: 113 times Web of Science; 155 times Google Scholar, NOAA OAR Outstanding Paper Award)
  4. Zhao, Ming, 2014: An investigation of the connections among convection, clouds, and climate sensitivity in a global climate model. Journal of Climate, 27(5), DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00145.1. (Citation: 98 times Web of Science; 139 times Google Scholar)
  5. Zhang, B, Ming Zhao, and Z Tan, 2023: Using a Green’s Function approach to diagnose the pattern effect in GFDL AM4 and CM4. Journal of Climate, 36(4), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0024.11105–1124. (Citation: 15 times Web of Science; 23 times Google Scholar)
  6. Zhang, B, Ming Zhao, H He, BJ Soden, Z Tan, B Xiang, and C Wang, 2023: The dependence of climate sensitivity on the meridional distribution of radiative forcing. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(18), DOI:10.1029/2023GL105492. (Citation: 6 times Web of Science; 8 times Google Scholar)
  7. Bloch-Johnson, J, M  Rugenstein, MJ Alessi, C Proistosescu, Ming Zhao, Bosong Zhang, Andrew I L Williams, Jonathan M Gregory, Jason N S Cole, Yue Dong, Margaret L Duffy, Sarah M Kang, and Chen Zhou, February 2024: The Green’s Function Model Intercomparison Project (GFMIP) protocol. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 16(2), DOI:10.1029/2023MS003700. (Citation: 12 times Web of Science; 24 times Google Scholar)
  8. Lutsko, N. J., S. C. Sherwood, and Ming Zhao, 2023: Precipitation Efficiency and Climate Sensitivity. In Clouds and Climate Monograph, Geophysical Monograph Series on Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts: Radiation, Circulation, and Precipitation. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119700357.ch13 (Citation: 3 times Web of Science; 3 times Google Scholar)
  9. Winton, M., A. Adcroft, J. P. Dunne, I. M. Held, E. Shevliakova, Ming Zhao, H. Guo, W. J. Hurlin, J. P. Krasting, T. R. Knutson, D. J. Paynter, L. G. Silvers, and R. Zhang, 2020: Climate Sensitivity of GFDL’s CM4.0. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(1), DOI:10.1029/2019MS001838. (Citation: 21 times Web of Science; 13 times Google Scholar)
  10. Paulot, F., D. J. Paynter, M. Winton, P. Ginoux, Ming Zhao, and L. W. Horowitz, 2020: Revisiting the impact of sea salt on climate sensitivity. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(3), DOI:10.1029/2019GL085601. (Citation: 17 times Web of Science; 17 times Google Scholar)
  11. Naud, C M, J Jeyaratnam, J F Booth, Ming Zhao, and A Gettelman, 2020: Evaluation of modeled precipitation in oceanic extratropical cyclones using IMERG. Journal of Climate, 33(1), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0369.1. Citation: 14 times Web of Science; 14 times Google Scholar)
  12. Naud, C. M., J. F. Booth, J. Jeyaratnam, L. J. Donner, C. J. Seman, Ming Zhao, H. Guo, and Y. Ming,  2019: Extratropical Cyclone Clouds in the GFDL climate model: diagnosing biases and the associated causes. Journal of Climate, 32(20), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0421.1.  (Citation: 10 times Web of Science; 4 times Google Scholar)
  13. Silvers, L. G., D. J. Paynter, and Ming Zhao, 2018: The Diversity of Cloud Responses to Twentieth Century Sea Surface Temperatures. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(1), DOI:10.1002/2017GL075583. (Citation: 15 times Web of Science; 15 times Google Scholar)
  14. Xiang, B., Ming Zhao, I. M. Held, and J.-C. Golaz, 2017: Predicting the severity of spurious “double ITCZ” problem in CMIP5 coupled models from AMIP simulations. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(3), DOI:10.1002/2016GL071992. (Citation: 64 times Web of Science; 88 times Google Scholar)
  15. Webb, M J., and co-authors including Ming Zhao, 2015: The impact of parametrized convection on cloud feedback. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A, 373, DOI:10.1098/rsta.2014.0414. (Citation: 66 times Web of Science; 87 times Google Scholar)
  16. Zhang, M, and co-authors including  Ming Zhao, 2013: CGILS: Results from the first phase of an international project to understand the physical mechanisms of low cloud feedbacks in single column models. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 5(4), DOI:10.1002/2013MS000246. (Citation: 121 times Web of Science; 150 times Google Scholar)
  17. Teixeira, J. and co-authors including Ming Zhao, 2011: Tropical and sub-tropical cloud transitions in weather and climate prediction models: the GCSS/WGNE Pacific Crosssection Intercomparison (GPCI). Journal of Climate, 24(20), DOI:10.1175/2011JCLI3672.1. (Citation: 110 times Web of Science; 146 times Google Scholar)
  18. Golaz, J.-C., M. Salzmann, L. J. Donner, L. W. Horowitz, Y. Ming, and Ming Zhao, 2011: Sensitivity of the aerosol indirect effect to subgrid variability in the cloud parameterization of the GFDL Atmosphere General Circulation Model AM3. Journal of Climate, 24(13), DOI:10.1175/2010JCLI3945.1. (Citation: 89 times Web of Science; 123 times Google Scholar)
  19. Wyant, M C., C S Bretherton, J T Bacmeister, J T Kiehl, I M Held, Ming Zhao, S A Klein, and B J Soden, 2006: A comparison of low-latitude cloud properties and their response to climate change in three AGCMs sorted into regimes using mid-tropospheric vertical velocity. Climate Dynamics, 27(2-3), DOI:10.1007/s00382-006-0138-4. (Citation: 101 times Web of Science; 108 times Google Scholar)
  20. Xiang, Baoqiang, Ming Zhao, and Yi Ming, et al., July 2018: Contrasting Impacts of radiative forcing in the Southern Ocean versus Southern Tropics on ITCZ position and energy transport in one GFDL climate model. Journal of Climate, 31(14), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0566.1. (Citation: 51 times Web of Science; 62 times Google Scholar)

Selected publications on extreme weather events, MJO, intraseasonal variability, and predictions

  1. Zhao, Ming, and T R Knutson, 2024: Crucial role of sea surface temperature warming patterns in near-term high-impact weather and climate projection. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 7, 130, DOI:10.1038/s41612-024-00681-7. (Citation: 7 times Web of Science; 10 times Google Scholar)
  2. Zhao, Ming, 2022: A study of AR-, TS-, and MCS-associated precipitation and extreme precipitation in present and warmer climates. J. Climate. DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0145.1. (Citation: 35 times Web of Science; 46 times Google Scholar)
  3. Zhao, Ming, 2020: Simulations of atmospheric rivers, their variability and response to global warming using GFDL’s new high resolution general circulation model. Journal of Climate, 33(23), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0241.1. (Citation: 47 times Web of Science; 65 times Google Scholar)
  4. Dong, W, Ming Zhao, Zhihong Tan, and V Ramaswamy, 2024: Atmospheric rivers over eastern US affected by Pacific/North America pattern. Science Advances, 10(4), DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adj3325. (Citation: 3 times Web of Science; 3 times Google Scholar)
  5. Liang, W, Ming Zhao, Z Tan, T R Knutson, W Dong, and B Zhang, 2024: The direct radiative effect of CO2 increase on summer precipitation in North America. Geophysical Research Letters, 51(14), DOI:10.1029/2024GL109202.
  6. Dong, W, Ming Zhao, Yi Ming, JP Krasting, and V Ramaswamy, 2023: Simulation of United States mesoscale convective systems using GFDL’s new high-resolution general circulation model. Journal of Climate, 36(19), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0529.16967-6990. (Citation: 9 times Web of Science; 9 times Google Scholar)
  7. Emanuele, GS, Ming Zhao, and K Hodges, 2023: Poleward intensification of midlatitude extreme winds under warmer climate. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 6, 219, DOI:10.1038/s41612-023-00540-x.
  8. Dong, W., Ming Zhao, Y. Ming, and V. Ramaswamy, 2021: Representation of tropical mesoscale convective systems in a general circulation model: Climatology and response to global warming. Journal of Climate, 34(14), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0535.1. (Citation: 19 times Web of Science; 19 times Google Scholar)
  9. Yin, J. and Ming Zhao, 2021: Influence of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the U.S. extreme cold weather. Communications Earth and Environment, 2, 218, DOI:10.1038/s43247-021-00290-9.
  10. Xiang, B., and co-authors including  Ming Zhao, 2021: S2S Prediction in GFDL SPEAR: MJO diversity and teleconnections, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0124.1. (Citation: 34 times Web of Science; 41 times Google Scholar)
  11. Yin, J., S. M. Griffies, M. Winton, Ming Zhao, and L. Zanna, 2020: Response of storm-related extreme sea level along the US Atlantic coast to combined weather and climate forcing. Journal of Climate, 33(9), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0551.1. (Citation: 22 times Web of Science; 7 times Google Scholar)
  12. Zhu, Y, T. Li, Ming Zhao, and T. Nasuno, 2019: Interaction between MJO and High Frequency Waves over Maritime Continent in Boreal Winter. Journal of Climate, 32(13), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0511.1.  (Citation: 4 times Web of Science; 9 times Google Scholar)
  13. Jiang, X., A. F. Adames, Ming Zhao, D. E. Waliser, and E. Maloney, 2018a: A unified moisture mode framework for seasonality of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Journal of Climate, 31(11), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0671.1. (81 citations Web of Science, 105 times Google Scholar)
  14. Jiang, X., B. Xiang, Ming Zhao, T. Li, S-J Lin, Z. Wang, and J-H Chen, 2018b: Intraseasonal tropical cyclogenesis prediction in a global coupled model system. Journal of Climate, 31(15), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0454.1. (13 citations Web of Science, 17 times Google Scholar)
  15. Jiang, X., Ming Zhao, E. D. Maloney, and D. E. Waliser, 2016: Convective moisture adjustment time-scale as a key factor in regulating model amplitude of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(19), DOI:10.1002/2016GL070898. (57 citations Web of Science, 53 times Google Scholar)
  16. Xiang, B., Ming Zhao, X. Jiang, S-J Lin, T. Li, X. Fu, and G. A. Vecchi, 2015a: The 3-4 week MJO prediction skill in a GFDL coupled model. Journal of Climate, 28(13), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0102.1. (82 citations Web of Science; 108  times Google Scholar)
  17. Xiang, B., S-J Lin, Ming Zhao, G. A. Vecchi, T. Li, X. Jiang, L. Harris, and J-H Chen, 2015b: Beyond weather time scale prediction for hurricane Sandy and super typhoon Haiyan in a global climate model. Monthly Weather Review, 143(2), DOI:10.1175/MWR-D-14-00227.1. (56 citations Web of Science; 71 times Google Scholar)
  18. Jiang, X., Ming Zhao, and D. E. Waliser, 2012: Modulation of tropical cyclones over the eastern Pacific by the intra-seasonal variability simulated in an AGCM. Journal of Climate, 25(19), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00531.1. (Citation: 95 times Web of Science; 94 times Google Scholar)

Selected publications on studies of convection, clouds, and climate using idealized model hierarchy

  1. Zhao, Ming, and P. H. Austin, 2005: Life cycle of numerically simulated shallow cumulus clouds. Part I: Transport. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 62(5), 1269-1290. (Citation: 79 times Web of Science; 106 times Google Scholar)
  2. Zhao, Ming, and P. H. Austin, 2005: Life cycle of numerically simulated shallow cumulus clouds. Part II: Mixing dynamics. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 62(5), 1291-1310. (Citation: 91 times Web of Science; 135 times Google Scholar)
  3. Held, I. M., Ming Zhao, and B. Wyman, 2007: Dynamic radiative-convective equilibria using GCM column physics. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 64(1), 228-238. (Citation: 66 times Web of Science; 97 times Google Scholar)
  4. Held, I. M. and Ming Zhao, 2008: Horizontally homogeneous rotating radiative–convective Equilibria at GCM resolution. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 65(6), DOI:10.1175/2007JAS2604.1. (Citation: 51 times Web of Science; 67 times Google Scholar)
  5. Kang, S. M., I. M. Held, D. M. W. Frierson, and Ming Zhao, 2008: The response of the ITCZ to extratropical thermal forcing: Idealized slab-ocean experiments with a GCM. Journal of Climate, 21(14), DOI:10.1175/2007JCLI2146.1. (Citation: 536 times Web of Science; 704 times Google Scholar)
  6. Merlis, T. M., Ming Zhao, and I. M. Held, 2013: The sensitivity of hurricane frequency to ITCZ changes and radiatively forced warming in aquaplanet simulations. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(15), DOI:10.1002/grl.50680. (Citation: 79 times Web of Science; 118 times Google Scholar)
  7. Merlis, T. M., W. Zhou, I. M. Held, and Ming Zhao, 2016: Surface temperature dependence of tropical cyclone-permitting simulations in a spherical model with uniform thermal forcing. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(6), DOI:10.1002/2016GL067730. (Citation: 46 times Web of Science; 65 times Google Scholar)
  8. Ballinger, A., T. M. Merlis, I. M. Held, and Ming Zhao, 2015: The sensitivity of tropical cyclone activity to off-equatorial thermal forcing in aquaplanet simulations. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 72(6), DOI:10.1175/JAS-D-14-0284.1. (Citation: 31 times Web of Science; 49 times Google Scholar)
  9. Medeiros, B., B. Stevens, I. M. Held, Ming Zhao, D. L. Williamson, J. Olson, and C. S. Bretherton,  2008: Aquaplanets, climate sensitivity, and low clouds. Journal of Climate, 21(19), DOI:10.1175/2008JCLI1995.1. (Citation: 144 times Web of Science; 207 times Google Scholar)
  10. Wyant, M. C. and co-authors including Ming Zhao, 2007: A single-column model intercomparison of a heavily drizzling stratocumulus-topped boundary layer. Journal of Geophysical Research, D24204, DOI:10.1029/2007JD008536. (Citation: 38 times Web of Science; 59 times Google Scholar)
  11. Wing, Allison A., and co-authors including Ming Zhao, 2020: Clouds and Convective Self-Aggregation in a Multi-Model Ensemble of Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Simulations. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), DOI:10.1029/2020MS002138. (Citation: 109 times Web of Science; 146 times Google Scholar)

Selected publications on other general topics of significance

  1. Ginoux, P., J. M. Prospero, T. E. Gill, C. Hsu, and Ming Zhao, 2012: Global scale attribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources and their emission rates based on MODIS Deep Blue aerosol products. Reviews of Geophysics, 50, RG3005, DOI:10.1029/2012RG000388. (Citation: 1056 times Web of Science; 1552 times Google Scholar)
  2. Sheffield, J, and co-authors including Ming Zhao, 2013: North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. Part II: Evaluation of Historical Simulations of Intra-Seasonal to Decadal Variability. Journal of Climate, 26(23), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00593.1. (Citation: 122 times Web of Science; 173 times Google Scholar)
  3. Maloney, E. and co-authors including Ming Zhao 2014: North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments: Part III: Assessment of 21st Century Projections. Journal of Climate, 27(6), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00273.1. (Citation: 220 times Web of Science; 331 times Google Scholar)
  4. Hsu, P, T. Li, J.-J. Luo, H. Murakami, A. Kitoh, and Ming Zhao, 2012: Increase of global monsoon area and precipitation under global warming: A robust signal? Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L06701, DOI:10.1029/2012GL051037. (Citation: 120 times Web of Science; 167 times Google Scholar)
  5. Orbe, C, L. V. Roekel, A. F. Adames, A. Dezfuli, J. Fasullo, P. J. Gleckler, J. Lee, W. Li, L. Nazarenko, G. A. Schmidt, K. R. Sperber, and Ming Zhao, 2020: Representation of Modes of Variability in 6 U.S. Climate Models. Journal of Climate, 33(17), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0956.1 . (Citation: 28 times Web of Science; 39 times Google Scholar)
  6. Hill, S A., Yi Ming, Isaac M Held, and Ming Zhao, August 2017: A moist static energy budget-based analysis of the Sahel rainfall response to uniform oceanic warming. Journal of Climate, 30(15), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0785.1. (Citation: 52 times Web of Science; 70 times Google Scholar)
  7. Maloney, Eric, and co-authors including Ming Zhao, 2019: Process-Oriented Evaluation of Climate and Weather Forecasting Models. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100(9), DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0042.1. (Citation: 50 times Web of Science; 67 times Google Scholar)
  8. Wing, A A., S J Camargo, A Sobel, D Kim, Y Moon, H Murakami, K A Reed, G A Vecchi, M F Wehner, C M Zarzycki, and Ming Zhao, 2019: Moist static energy budget analysis of tropical cyclone intensification in high-resolution climate models. Journal of Climate, 32(18), DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0599.1. (Citation: 43 times Web of Science; 56 times Google Scholar)